在職博士英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句訓(xùn)練題及解析3
來源:在職研究生招生信息網(wǎng) 發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-09-28 09:58:00
1.In an experiment pubished in 1988, socialpsychologist Fritz Strack of the University ofWurzburg in Germany asked volunteers to hold apen either with their teeth-thereby creating anartificial smile-or with their lips, which wouldproduce a disappointed expression.
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為 social psychologistFritzStrack ...asked volunteers to hold a pen...。句首的介詞短語(yǔ)作整句話的狀語(yǔ);either with ...or with... 作動(dòng)詞hold的方式狀語(yǔ),第一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)后的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ),第二個(gè)狀語(yǔ)后which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。
【譯文】1988年發(fā)表過一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn),德國(guó)維爾茨堡大學(xué)的社會(huì)心理學(xué)家弗里茨·斯特拉克和他的同事們招募了一批志愿者。他們讓一部分人用牙齒咬住一支筆,從而在臉上制造出"人工笑臉";或是用嘴唇叼著筆,從而產(chǎn)生"沮喪表情"。
2.Those forced to exercises their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funnycartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggeating thatexpressions may inflence emotions rather than just the other way around.
【分析】復(fù)合句。主句為 Those... reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons,過去分詞短語(yǔ)forced to...作后置定語(yǔ)修飾those。than 引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句,該從句中的主語(yǔ)those由定語(yǔ)從句修飾,因其較長(zhǎng),謂語(yǔ)又因與主句重復(fù)而省略為did,所以用倒裝語(yǔ)序。suggeating... 為現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),其中包含that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
【譯文】那些用牙齒咬著筆,表現(xiàn)出笑容的人比那些用嘴唇叼著筆、表現(xiàn)出沮喪神情的人在看搞笑的動(dòng)畫片時(shí)所作出的反應(yīng)更豐富。這就證明了表情能夠影響情緒,而不是情緒影響表情。
【點(diǎn)撥】1) contract作名詞時(shí)意為"契約,合同;婚約";作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為"締結(jié),訂契約;染上(惡習(xí),疾病等);(使)收縮,(使)緊縮"。2) frown"皺眉,蹙眉",既是動(dòng)詞也是名詞。
3.Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects' behavior.
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect"。the extremely influential idea...補(bǔ)充說明 Hawthorne effect,是其同位語(yǔ),其中 idea 之后是 that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句中,主句為 the very act,of being experimented upon 是其后置定語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)為 changes,賓語(yǔ)是 subjects' behavior。
【譯文】然而,這些研究最終以被冠之為"霍桑效應(yīng)"的概念而告終,這個(gè)極具影響力的概念認(rèn)為,僅僅是接受實(shí)驗(yàn)這一行為就足以使受試者的表現(xiàn)發(fā)生改變。
【點(diǎn)撥】1)subject 作名詞時(shí),是"主題、學(xué)科、對(duì)象、主語(yǔ)"的意思,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,本句中意為"接受實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,受試者"。作動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為"使服從;使遭受",常與 to 搭配。作形容詞時(shí),意為"受...支配的;易遭...的"。2)end up doing sth."結(jié)果是...,最終..."。
4.Accoding to accounts of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increasd, but also it was dimmed.
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為 their hourly output rose。連接兩個(gè)由 when 引導(dǎo)的并列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,后一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中 it 指代的是 lighting。此處注意 not only...but also...結(jié)構(gòu)在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中可以省略 not only 或 but also。Accoding to作狀語(yǔ)。
【譯文】實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告表明,當(dāng)照明燈變亮?xí)r,女工們每小時(shí)的產(chǎn)出會(huì)增加,而當(dāng)照明燈變暗時(shí),她們每小時(shí)的產(chǎn)出仍會(huì)增加。
【點(diǎn)撥】account作名詞時(shí),常用意為"理由,解釋"或 "賬目、賬單",本句中的意思是"報(bào)告、描述"。作動(dòng)詞時(shí),常與 for 搭配,意為"說明...的原因;(在數(shù)量、比例方面)占"。
5.An awareness that they were being experimentedupon seemed to be enough to alter workers'sbehavior by itself.
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為。An awareness...seemedto be enough to alter...。that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句補(bǔ)充說明awareness,其中they 指代后面的 workers。beenough to do "足以..."。
【譯文】只要意識(shí)到她們?cè)诮邮軐?shí)驗(yàn),這一意識(shí)本身似乎就足以改變工人們的行為。
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