2021考研英語一真題及答案解析（三）

　　2021年在職研究生考研英語一考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束，為了讓大家及時(shí)了解考試情況，本文由老師為大家整理了2021年考研英語一真題及答案以供大家核對(duì)。

　　Section II Reading Comprehension Part B

　　The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don’t involve doom-and-mass unemployment predictions?

A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use Al more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. One common application? Preventing electronic security breaches, which, rather than eliminating IT jobs, actually makes those personnel more valuable to employers, because they help firms prevent hacking attempts.

　　Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:

　　Better hiring practice

　　Companies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions. "There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does," says Pedro Domingos, author of The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World and a computer science _____(41)One company that’s doing this is called Blendoor. It uses analytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.

　　More effective marketing

　　Some AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates. This can mean millions more in revenue. _____(42)There are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,” says Patrick H. Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.

　　Saving customers money

　　Energy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills saving them money while helping the environment. Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately access risk. "Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much," says Domingos, _____(43)

　　Improved accuracy

　　Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics, which makes data more valuable," says Winston. It "helps people make smarter decisions." _____(44)

Protecting and maintaining infrastructure

A number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen. "If they fail first and then you fix them, it's very expensive," says Domingos. _____(45)

　　[A] I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you're doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn't have time for.

[B] One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.

　　[C] There are also companies like Acquisio, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.

　　[D] You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it's useful for employees to go to.

　　[E] Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.

　　[F] We're also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

　　[G] AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

　　【答案】41.F　　42.B　　43.G　　44.C　　45.E　　

　　Section III Translation

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　World war was the watershed event for higher education in modern Western societies(46)Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war. But after the war, great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than a secondary school education.(47)And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war. These demands resulted in a very rapid expansion of the systems of higher education, beginning in the 1960s and developing very rapidly (though unevenly) during the 1970s and 1980s.

　　The growth of higher education manifests itself in at least three quite different ways, and these in turn have given rise to different sets of problems. There was first the rate of growth:(48)in many counties of Western Europe, the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight or 10 years by the middle of the 1970s. Second growth obviously affected the absolute size both of systems and individual institutions. And third growth was reflected in changes in the proportion of the relevant age group enrolled in institutions of higher education.

　　Each of these manifestations of growth carried its own peculiar problems in its wake/ For example, a high growth rate placed great strains on the existing structures of governance, of administration, and above all of socialization. When a faculty or department grows from, say, five to 20 members within three or four years,(49)and when the new staff predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty. And if the postgraduate student population also grows rapidly and there is loss of a close apprenticeship relationship between faculty members and students, the student culture becomes the chief socializing force for new postgraduate students, with consequences for the intellectual and academic life of the institution-this was seen in America as well as in France, Italy, West Germany, and Japan.(50)High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth. In the 1960s and 1970s,

　　European universities saw marked changes in their governance arrangements, with empowerment of junior faculty and to some degree of students as well.

　　46.【題干】Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.

　　【答案】戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后，一些社會(huì)隨之出現(xiàn)了。這些社會(huì)的入學(xué)率在戰(zhàn)前的幾十年里一直保持在相關(guān)年齡段的3%-5%。

　　【解析】come out of…由……產(chǎn)生，從……出來;enrollment入學(xué)，登記;decades數(shù)十年。

　　47.【題干】And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.

　　【答案】在那些社會(huì)中，人們渴望接受到更高等的教育。這個(gè)需求延伸到了戰(zhàn)前那些沒有想過上大學(xué)的群體和社會(huì)階層中。

　　【解析】rose：rise的過去式“上升”;attend上大學(xué)。

　　48.【題干】in many counties of Western Europe, the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight or 10 years by the middle of the 1970s.

　　【答案】在西歐的許多國(guó)家，20世紀(jì)60年代，接受高等教育的學(xué)生人數(shù)在五年內(nèi)翻了一番，到70年代中期，在七年，八年或十年里又翻了一番。

　　【解析】double作動(dòng)詞，“翻倍”。

　　49.【題干】and when the new staff predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty.

　　【答案】當(dāng)新員工主要是剛畢業(yè)的年輕男女時(shí)，他們很大程度上定義了該學(xué)院學(xué)術(shù)生活的規(guī)范。

　　【解析】predominantly主要地，以……為主;fresh新進(jìn)的;norms標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)范;faculty學(xué)院，系。

　　50.【題干】High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.

　　【答案】高增長(zhǎng)率增加了學(xué)術(shù)創(chuàng)新的機(jī)會(huì),同時(shí)也削弱了教師和學(xué)生在穩(wěn)定或緩慢的成長(zhǎng)過程中,被認(rèn)可為學(xué)者這群體的形式和過程。

　　【解析】academic innovation學(xué)術(shù)創(chuàng)新;weakened削弱，減少;admit承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可。

　　Section IV Writing

　　Part A (10 points)

　　51.【題干】Directions:

　　A foreign friend of yours has recently graduated from college and intends to find a job in China. Write him/her an email to make some suggestions.

　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　Do not sign your own name at the end. Use "Li Ming Open" instead.

　　You do not need to write the address.

　　【答案】Dear friend,

　　Hope this letter finds you well I am glad to hear you intend to find a job in China, so I would like to extend my warmest welcome as well as provide you with a few suggestions on job-hunting.

First, you can start from listing 3 to 5 cities which you would like to work or live in To be more specific, rate them by location, working opportunities and prospects and, of course the city's happiness level. What's more, be prepared for the culture shock. There is a sharp contrast in how eastern people and western people work. The former prefers working individually while the latter is prone to teamwork. There is one more point that, I suppose I have to touch on: make good use of online job-hunting applications, such as BOSS and 51Job.

　　I hope you will find my humble suggestions be of help. I am looking forward to your reply. Best wishes.

　　Yours,

　　Li Ming

　　Part B (15 points)

　　52.【題干】Directions:

　　Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

　　1) describe the drawing briefly,

　　2) explain its intended meaning, and the

　　3) give your comments.

　　You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　【答案】What is graphically and explicitly depicted in the simple yet eye-catching drawing is that on the ground stands a father, who is having a talk with his son. Impressively, at second glance, it is not difficult to observe that the boy, dressed in a traditional Chinese costume, expresses his concern about studying drama, while his father offer some words of encouragement.

　　Without a doubt, no boy who was born and raised in China could be ignorant that China is an ancient nation with a long history and splendid traditional culture. Traditional dramas, like Peking opera, are the national essence of our culture, which are not only part of the national heritage, but also part of a living and continuing culture. However, traditional culture has been subject to the impact and damage caused by network culture. It is a not uncommon occurrence that quite a few people show too little enthusiasm for traditional dramas. Instead, they are more than willing to follow the popular culture.

　　While popular culture is completely transforming people's thoughts and ways of thinking, we are supposed to cherish the roots of national culture and build cultural confidence. Accordingly, it is my view that national culture should be preserved and cherished as priceless spiritual treasure.