2019年非全日制研究生考研英語(一)閱讀理解題參考答案

  2019年度非全日制研究生考試已經(jīng)過去一些時間,但是大家對于考試的關(guān)注度并沒有消減,一下為大家整理了英語(一)閱讀理解題的參考答案,以供大家核對。

  Part A

  Text 1

    21.【A】enhance banker's sense of responsibility;細(xì)節(jié)題。題目中明確出題段落(According to Paragraph 1)及相應(yīng)的信息點(diǎn)(one motive in imposing the new rule),因此,答案來源句則為第一段的第三句(The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution這個規(guī)則主要目的是讓銀行家為不良風(fēng)險負(fù)責(zé)以及修復(fù)公眾對金融機(jī)構(gòu)的信任),那么答案基本就很容易提取出來。選項(xiàng)中的“sense of responsibility”則對應(yīng)到句中的“enhance banker's sense of responsibility(增加銀行的責(zé)任感)”;而其他的選項(xiàng)則與最佳選項(xiàng)無緣,在定位區(qū)間中沒有相應(yīng)的對應(yīng)信息。

  22.【D】 "short-termism" in economic activities;細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的定位信息在“Alfred Marshall”上,直接定位到第二段的第二句“He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting...”,定位信息里的“this financial impatience”則是回指第二段首句的“Short-termism”,故信息點(diǎn)則為“Short-termism”,所以最佳選項(xiàng)則為"short-termism" in economic activities,而其他選項(xiàng)在定位信息中未提及;

    23.【B】 adverse;細(xì)節(jié)題。此題的定位信息為題干的“transient investment”,直接定位到第三段的第二句“Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty”,從四個選項(xiàng)的褒貶正負(fù)來看indirect、minimal 和temporary為中性的表述,只有B選項(xiàng)的adverse為明確的負(fù)面表達(dá),意思為“不利的”,與原文中的“hinder”(阻礙打擾)對應(yīng)上。

  24.【C】the approaches to promoting "long-termism" ;例證題。根據(jù)題干的具體信息定位,美國和法國的例子是用來支撐什么論點(diǎn)。原文的第五、六段則提供了具體的信息,第五段中美國延遲發(fā)放才上任一年左右的高管績效津貼,繼而促進(jìn)緩解“短期主義”盛行的現(xiàn)狀;第六段則提及在法國持股兩年以上者擁有更大的選票權(quán)。所以,最佳選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為“促進(jìn)長期主義的方法”,與原文一致;

  25.【B】Patience as a Corporate Virtue;主旨題。題干中的title為標(biāo)題題的信息,所以此題考查的是文章的主旨大意;B 選項(xiàng)里的patience可以對應(yīng)到全文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的主題詞“short-termism”和“l(fā)ong-termism”,corporate本身在文章中出現(xiàn)多次,所以B 選項(xiàng)則為最近標(biāo)題,體現(xiàn)主旨大意;其余選項(xiàng)均不能概括全文,故排除。

  Text 2

  26.【D】The influence of consumer culture;細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞grade inflation 可以定位到首段第一句話,此句話的句子主干:“Grade inflation is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education.” 題干中的be regarded as對應(yīng)原文中的is considered,題干中的the cause of(后邊接結(jié)果)與原文中的a product of (前邊接結(jié)果)都表示因果關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)D中consumer是原文中的復(fù)現(xiàn),其他選項(xiàng)都不具備干擾性,因此答案選擇D。

    27.【A】To help freshmen adapt to college learning;細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞,我們只能定位到文章的第二段,但是第二段講的是grade forgiveness具體是什么,并沒有提及它的目的,然后接下看第三段的首句,出現(xiàn)了this little-known practice指的就是grade forgiveness。而且題干中的the original purpose對應(yīng)原文中的在第三段第二句話: “When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.”選項(xiàng)A中的freshmen是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),help是對應(yīng)原文中的give them a second chance,adapt to對應(yīng)原文中的struggled in their transition to,college learning對應(yīng)原文中的college-level courses。因此答案為A。

  28.【A】obtain more financial support;細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞paragraph 5、grade forgiveness和colleges可以定位到第五段的第一句,即grade forgiveness能夠滿足學(xué)生的需求,但是對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)并沒有對應(yīng)的答案,所以接著往下看,提到了國家基金與他們的成功有關(guān),得到更好地分?jǐn)?shù)意為這拿到更多的錢。選項(xiàng)A中的financial support指的就是state funds。因此答案為A。

  29.【C】to be identical with each other;猜詞題。根據(jù)題干,可以定位到第六段最后一句話:“On this, students’ and colleges’ incentives seem to be aligned.”所以解題的關(guān)鍵是找到this指代的內(nèi)容。This指代的是前一句話,即:因?yàn)閷W(xué)生和家長都希望通過大學(xué)學(xué)歷來找工作,所以學(xué)校的最佳利益是盡可能地把學(xué)生培養(yǎng)成有能力勝任的人,或者至少看起來是那樣。由此可以的出學(xué)生和學(xué)校的目標(biāo)是一致的,選項(xiàng)C中的be identical with表示的是與……相同,因此答案為C。

  30.【B】analyzing the causes behind it;主旨題。題干的字面意思是作者是通過什么樣的方式來檢驗(yàn)grade forgiveness的實(shí)踐操作,但是是考查文章的主旨,屬于主旨題。閱讀每段的段落大意句,可以得出文章主要講解的是grade forgiveness的原因。因此答案為B。

  Text 3

  31.【C】involves some concerns raised by AI today; 通過題干Mary Shelly’s novel Frankenstein及題文同序原則可定位至文章第一段,在該段尾句,fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come. 此句中 ethical questions 可同義替換題干中的concern。故C為正選。

  32.【D】is too limited for us to reproduce it;觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題。可通過關(guān)鍵詞consciousness 回文定位至原文第2段尾句部分:we are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there. 可知我們將意識注入機(jī)器的能力是有限的,因?yàn)闆]有好的理論可以解釋。

  33.【B】is still beyond our capacity;根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位至文章第3段,AI “vision”today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans.And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.該句說到:當(dāng)下,人工智能的思維還不能達(dá)到人類的精密程度,去讓機(jī)器去預(yù)設(shè)每一種駕駛情形是一個困難的編程問題。由此說明,去解決人工智能所帶來的道德問題,是在人類的能力范圍之外的。

  34.【A】affirmation;態(tài)度題 ,根據(jù)題干中的 the author’s attitude ,Google’s pledges.回文定位到第八段,,開頭while轉(zhuǎn)折,while the statement is vague, 與vague相反的即是觀點(diǎn),所以表示正向情感的詞即是正解。affirmation表示確定。

  35.【C】Frankenstein, the Novel predicting the Age of AI;主旨題。本文首段通過引用Mary Shelley的書引出本文要探討的話題新技術(shù)所引發(fā)的道德問題。特別是在最后一段指出AI所涉及的道德問題已經(jīng)觸手可及。全篇復(fù)現(xiàn)了AI和conscience這兩個關(guān)鍵詞,所以答案選C

  Text 4

  36.【C】 make more online shoppers pay sales tax;本題為細(xì)節(jié)題,根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“the Supreme Court decision Thursday”定位到原文第一段“States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that ...”前半句已經(jīng)明確提出各州的在線購物可能要交稅,對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C,原詞“ online”加“ shoppers”對“purchase”的同義替換。其他三個選項(xiàng)均為提及。

  37.【D】were considered up favorable by states;根據(jù)題干“l(fā)earned”可知本題為推理題,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字“the overruled decisions ”定位到原文第二段的兩句,大意為“州政府抱怨以前的政策使每年稅收損失慘重,因此以前的政策很難再收取網(wǎng)上營業(yè)稅”兩句表示出的意思都是對州政府的不利,對比四個選項(xiàng),得出答案D,州政府認(rèn)為原政策對州會不利,因此駁回這項(xiàng)決定會對州有有利,為正話反說。

  38.【C】harmed fair market competition;本題為細(xì)節(jié)題,根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Justice Anthony Kennedy”“the physical presence rule”定位到原文第四段的第二句和第三句,大意為實(shí)體店規(guī)定導(dǎo)致州政府稅收虧損,接著下一句Kennedy wrote that the rule “l(fā)imited states’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented from on an even playing field.”該規(guī)定限制了州政府長期繁榮,并妨礙市場參與者參與公平競爭。對比四個選項(xiàng),D選項(xiàng)為“破壞了公平市場競爭”和原文“competing”“ market participant”一一對應(yīng),為正確答案。

  39.【B】Big-chair owners;根據(jù)題干“l(fā)ikely”得出本題為推理題,利用關(guān)鍵詞“welcome the Supreme Court ruling”定位到原文第五段第一句“ The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since....”對于大公司來說這項(xiàng)規(guī)定是一種勝利,因?yàn)?..,只需找到關(guān)鍵詞 “big chain”即可選出B選項(xiàng):大型連鎖公司。

  40.【D】cities some cases related to it and analyzes their implications;本題為主旨題,需找出作者的相應(yīng)觀點(diǎn)與論證,根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday”回顧每段首尾句,推測每段大意,第一段講述最高法院通過了征收在線營業(yè)稅的決定,第二段介紹之前的裁決及后果是對州政府不利的,第三段介紹了原來裁決涉及到的案例,第四段陳列了法官的觀點(diǎn),即以前的裁決是有問題的,第五段主要講述新判決會對大型連鎖超市產(chǎn)生有利的影響,第六段講述新裁決對州外賣價的影響,第七段表示新的判決得到零售界的肯定,因此本文的思路為:首段引出新判決,二三四段列舉相關(guān)案例,五六七段對其影響進(jìn)行講述,對比四個選項(xiàng),得出D:作者在講述這個判決時引用了相關(guān)案例并分析了他們的影響。

  Part B

  41. 【E】}[In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People , Dale Carnegie wrote: “there is only one way……to get the best of an argument-and that is to avoid it.]

  段落排序解題若首段未給出,首先需要大家通讀全部選項(xiàng)首句話,本句首句話中的句間銜接關(guān)系排除選首段。本篇文章中,A選項(xiàng)第一句話中含有指代關(guān)系詞these 故根據(jù)該詞確定本選項(xiàng)直接排除,B選項(xiàng)有of cause銜接上下文的詞出現(xiàn),D選項(xiàng)可以作為首段的可能選項(xiàng),E選項(xiàng)也可以作為首段的可能選項(xiàng),G選項(xiàng)首句中含有better way比較級,故本題的答案應(yīng)在D或E選項(xiàng)中得出,根據(jù)D選項(xiàng)人物Carnegie和E選項(xiàng)人物Dale Carnegie的名稱特點(diǎn),可以得知首次出現(xiàn)應(yīng)為全名形式,故本題的答案應(yīng)為E選項(xiàng)。

  42. 【D】[Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them.]

  首段為Carnegie的觀點(diǎn)信息,故下段復(fù)現(xiàn)應(yīng)為該人物的觀點(diǎn)承接,故通過掃讀剩下的選項(xiàng)可知該題只有D選項(xiàng)可以承接。

  43. 【G】[There is a better way to win arguments. ]

    該題上一段最后一句話為“None of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win -- in one way.”可知these tricks是對上文信息的否定,下文應(yīng)該復(fù)現(xiàn)win arguments的肯定的表述,根據(jù)選項(xiàng)分析可知G選項(xiàng)首句There is a better way to win arguments.正好與F選項(xiàng)尾句形成首尾銜接。

  44. 【B】[Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. ]

  該題上段為G段,尾句講述的是 Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers. 而根據(jù)銜接可確定G段講述的是成功的討論,B選項(xiàng)首句not so successful正銜接上文,轉(zhuǎn)折講述不成功的案例。

  45.【A】[These tools can help you win every argument--not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people. ]

    上段C選項(xiàng)中 Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view. Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.最后這幾句話主要講的是有關(guān)于談話的四種手段,正好與A選項(xiàng)首句中的These tools 形成呼應(yīng)關(guān)系,故本題答案應(yīng)為A選項(xiàng)。

  Part C

  翻譯

  46.There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.

  考點(diǎn):there be句型、定語從句、狀語從句、詞義選擇

  結(jié)構(gòu)分析:含有定語從句和狀語從句的復(fù)合句。句子主干為:There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense. in the medical journals為介詞短語作狀語修飾主干內(nèi)容,其中名詞journals又帶有一個由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,which 指代nonsense, 而定語從句中又含有一個由when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,從句層層包裹,形成復(fù)合句,翻譯時注意理清從句間的關(guān)系。

  【參考譯文】:醫(yī)學(xué)期刊中由很多類似的無稽之談,這些說法一旦被廣播公司和新聞媒體報道,就會引發(fā)健康恐慌和短暫的飲食熱潮。

  47. Nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.

  考點(diǎn):分詞短語作定語、被動語態(tài)、比較結(jié)構(gòu)

  結(jié)構(gòu)分析:含有分詞結(jié)構(gòu)和定語從句的復(fù)合句。句子主干為:nowadays anyone …… has to have published twice the number of papers…….其中,“applying for a research post”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾anyone,“that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago”為定語從句修飾papers, “twice the number of……”為比較結(jié)構(gòu)。

  【參考譯文】:如今,任何申請研究職位的人都必須發(fā)表兩倍于10年前同一職位所需的論文數(shù)量。

    48. Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.

  考點(diǎn):被動語態(tài)、插入語、介詞短語作狀語、詞義選擇、語序調(diào)整

  結(jié)構(gòu)分析:本句為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。句子主干為:Attempts have been made…….其中,“to curb this tendency”和“by……”分別為不定式短語和介詞短語作狀語修飾句子主干內(nèi)容。

  【參考譯文】:人們已經(jīng)做出努力來遏制這種趨勢,例如,將質(zhì)量和數(shù)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入申請者的論文評估中。

  49. This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.

  考點(diǎn):狀語從句、虛擬語氣、同位語從句

  結(jié)構(gòu)分析:本句為含有狀語從句的復(fù)合句。主干為:This would be reasonable……;“……that scientists can……”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句解釋說明fact內(nèi)容。“arrange to cite …….“和”get associates to do so……“為動賓結(jié)構(gòu)并列和前面名詞scientists構(gòu)成主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。

  【參考譯文】:如果不是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)家們可以很容易地在未來的出版物中引用自己,或者讓同事為他們這樣作以換取類似的好處,這將是合理的。

  50. If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.

  考點(diǎn):狀語從句、賓語從句

  結(jié)構(gòu)分析:本句為含有狀語從句和賓語從句的復(fù)合句。主干為:……we must ensure that……其中,“if we are serious about……”為條件狀語從句,“ensuring that ……”為現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞賓語;“……that our institutions encourage that kind of science”為ensure引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

  【參考譯文】:如果我們確實(shí)要保證我們的科學(xué)既有意義又可再生,那么我們必須確保我們的機(jī)構(gòu)鼓勵這種科學(xué)的進(jìn)步。

  以上是關(guān)于2019年考研英語(一)閱讀理解題的相關(guān)參考答案,如果大家對于非全日制研究生還有其他問題,可以與在線咨詢老師。

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